Igitekerezo cy'amashanyarazi

Muri electromagnetism, ingano y'amashanyarazi anyura mu gice icyo ari cyo cyose cya conductor kuri buri gice cy'igihe yitwa imbaraga z'amashanyarazi, cyangwa ingufu z'amashanyarazi gusa. Ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi ni I, naho igice ni ampere (A), cyangwa "A" gusa (André-Marie Ampère, 1775-1836, umuhanga mu bya fiziki n'imiti w'Umufaransa, wageze ku bikorwa bitangaje mu kwiga ingaruka za electromagnetic ndetse anatanga umusanzu mu mibare na fiziki. Igice mpuzamahanga cy'amashanyarazi, ampere, cyitiriwe izina rye ry'umuryango).
[1] Inzira ihoraho y'amashanyarazi yinjizwa mu cyerekezo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ikora umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
[2] Mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi, hateganywa ko icyerekezo cy'inzira y'amashanyarazi ari icyerekezo cy'amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, mu buhanga, icyerekezo cy'inzira y'amashanyarazi nayo ikoreshwa nk'icyerekezo cy'amashanyarazi. Ubunini bw'amashanyarazi bugaragazwa n'amashanyarazi Q atembera mu gice cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kuri buri gice cy'igihe, cyitwa imbaraga z'amashanyarazi.
[3] Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibitwara umuriro mu buryo bwa kamere bitwara umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Urugero: electron zimukanwa mu byuma biyobora amashanyarazi, iyoni mu byuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, electron na iyoni mu maraso, na quark muri hadrons. Ingendo z'ibi bitwara umuriro zikora umuriro w'amashanyarazi.